Telegraph system.



W. LEIVESLEY.

TELEGRAPH SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 7, 1906.

936,140. Patented 061;. 5, 1909.

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TELBGRAPH SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED AIIGJ, 1906.

936, 140. Patented Oct. 5, 1909.

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W. LEIVESLBY.

` TELEGRAPH SYSTEM. APPLICATION ljlLBD AUG. 7, 1906.

Patented 0015.5, 1909,

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"UNITED STATES PATENT UEFIQ.

WILLIAM LEIVESLEY, OF SPRINGSURE, QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA.

TELEGRAPH SYSTEM.

To all whom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, IVILLIAM LErvEsLEY, a subject of the King of GreatBritain and Ireland, residing at Eclipse street, Springsure, in thecount-y of Denison, in the divisional district of Leichardt, in theState of Queensland, Commonwealth of Australia, have invented certainnew and useful Improvements in Telegraph Systems, of which the followingis a specication.

This invention relates to telegraph systems and combinations ofapparatus used therewith.

In its broadest sense this invention comprises a system of switching andrepeating, and although in regard to the purely instrumental parts,existing apparatus and 'well understood theories are used, it ispeculiarly apart in its combination, arrangement, and working from othersystems.

The object of the invention is to provide circuits and a simplecombination of apparatus and switching gear to facilitate thetransmission of messages direct to their destinations, over long linesand in a variety of directions, to permit any prearranged number oftelegraph circuits to work with each other just as though they were allon one and the same circuit; to enable a number of stations on differentlines, not ordinarily in direct communication, to communicate directlywith each other without hand repetition. In newspaper messages the samenews may be transmitted direct to its various destinations by onetelegraphist by one operation of a telegraph key. This invention alsoallows of signaling four or more ways on the Morse system and at thesame time may embrace or combine other systems. It provides forrepeating direct on to main lines and different systems are enabled towork together and interchange signals harmoniously.

Other objects and advantages will be in part obvious and in part pointedout hereafter. But in order that this invention may be more fullyunderstood and made comprehensible to those skilled in the art,diagrammatic drawings illustrating the same are appended as a part ofthis specification.

Figure 1 shows a cross-bar switch board in side elevation and partly insection. Only two of the lower bars are shown for convenience ofillustration. Eig. 2 shows a repeater operating in accordance with theusual well known theories and is for work- Speccaton of Letters Patent.

`Application filed August 7, 1906.

Patented oct. 5, i909.

Serial No. 329,578.

ing four or a lesser number of wires or lines and is'capable of beingreversed at the repeating station for transmission in the oppositedirection. Eig. 3 illustrates the system indicated in Fig. 2 moreparticularly and is meant to'show clearly the working parts in simpleform and how the arrangements shown in the said Fig. 2 act. Fig. t showsan automatic combined repeater' for working four or a lesser number ofwires or lines and is capable of working in either direction withouttheneed of an attendant to perform any hand switching. Fig. 5 illustratesthe system indicated in Fig. 4, more particularly and is meant to showclearly the working parts in simple form and how the arrangements in thesaid Fig. a act. Fig. 6 illustrates how the ordinary Morse line relaysand the lines connected therewith may be connected by means of theswitch board for the simultaneous working of all the lines soassociated. A

On further reference to the drawings it will be seen that the switchboard comprises metal bars 11 placed across each other'. The upper barsare hereinafter called the upper series and the lower bars arehereinafter called the lower series. Between the upper series and thelower series is placed insulating material 12 (Fig.'1). At the crossingor point of intersection of each of the metal bars is a plug hole. Theplug holes in the upper series are marked 18. The plug holes in thelower series are threaded as shown in Fig. 1 and marked 14. At each endof each bar is a terminal screw 15 and between the outer ends of eachbar and its fellow are bridging connection spaces 1G to unite any bar ofthe same series to the next adjacent bar. By varying the connect-ions ofbars at the crossings or points of intersection by means of plugs andbetween the ends of the bars a variety of combinations may be made andthe arrangement of any lines connected to the switch board may bediversified.

In combination with the foregoing two classes of plugs are used Thefirst is a screw plug for connecting a bar of the upper series with abar of the lower series and consists as shown in Fig. 1 of a milled knobor turning portion 17 composed of ebonite or similar insulating materialand having below the same a head and a shank. The head is marked 18 andbeneath it is a shoulder 19. The shank 2O is threaded as at 21.

The second class of plug has an entirely llO are marked at 43.

plain and preferably tapering shank. lt may be, however, of any suitablecharacter, and is marked 22, (see Fig. G).

F 2, 3, 4 and 5: These figures indicate a combination of two systems ofrepeating apparatus with a simple means of using either one or the otheras circumstances require. The change from Fig. 2 to Fig. 4 is effectedby the placing of switches and plugs in the positions hereinafterdescribed. The numerals 1, 2, 3, 4, in these figures represent telegraphlines earthed at distant stations (Morse systems). The plus signs showthe positive lines or wires, and the minus signs or hyphens the negativelines or wires. The turning portions 17 of screw plugs indicate where abar of the upper series is connected with a bar of the lower series.From the switch board extend four lines as shown. These communicate at23, 24, and 2G with the four segments of a four way plug switch 27. Fromeach segment a line is led to threeway plug switches marked 28, 29, and31 respectively. From one of the segments of i each of the three-wayplug switches isled a wire to earth at 32, 33, 34 and 35. rlhe relays 36have the usual magnets and armatures with spring retraction and areinlluenced by main line currents. The armature Contact points of therelays are marked at 37. Transmitting keys with circuit closing switchesattached are shown at 38 and are for use of local attendant to t `ansmithis own stations messages if desired. Galvanometers or current detectorsare shown at 39. Manual switches are marked at 40. Plug holes at 41 ai'efor admitting local Sounders with their local batteries. Local sounderbatteries are marked 42. Local sounders For bridging contact points ofthe repeating transmitters or allowing same to be operative plug holesat 44 are provided. The contact points of the arma` tures of repeatingtransmitters are marked at 45. The repeating transmitters 46 have theusual magnets and armatures with spring retraction. Plug holes 47 are tomake or break local relay armature contact point circuit. rlhe localrelays 48 have the usual magnets and armatures with spring ret action.rlhe contact points of armatures of local relays are marked at 49. Localbatteries are marked 50. Plug holes to make or break local circuits aremarked at 51.

It will be observed that the above instrumentalparts all appear on boththe right and left hand side of the apparatus, and the parts will, forconvenience, be hereinafter referred to as either right hand or lefthand dependent upon the side of the apparatus being referred to.

Fig. 2: In the condition as shown in the drawing Fig. 2 is arranged torepeat automatically in four directions on telegraph wires earthed atdistant stations. then arranged as shown, the apparatus requires anattendant at hand to attend to the manual switches to suit therequirements of distant stations. rlhe right hand relay 3G is incondition to receive currents and signals from lines 4 and 3 and itsarmature which makes contact at 37 is in condition to repeat. Assume akey to be open on line 4 the right hand armature contact point 37 wouldstand open as shown. lVhen the key alluded to be closed however, acurrent passes through the apertures from line 4 through the bar of thelower series connected thereto, through the connecting screw plug markedat 17 and outwardly along the first bar of the upper series and lineconnected thereto to 26, thence through the three-way plug switch 30 bymeans of the plug shown therein, via line to the left hand and closedmanual switch 40, to right hand galvanometer 39 and key 38, right handrelay 36 whose armature makes contact at 37. The current passes through44 on the left hand side by means of plug shown therein, through three-way plug switch 29 by means of plug shown therein, along line to secondtop bar of upper series, through connecting screw plug therein marked at17 to bar of lower series line 3. So far it will be observed lines 4 and3 are in direct communication. It will now be shown how currents andsignals are conveyed to the lines 2 and 1. Contact at 37 having resultedfrom the current through magnet of right hand relay 36 a current wouldpass on the lines 2 and 1 from line 2 along bar of lower seriesconnected thereto through connecting screw plug marked at 17, along barof upper series and line connected thereto to 24 thence through threewayplug switch 28, right hand local sounder 43 and battery 42, throughright hand relay armature contact point 37, right hand local relay 48,left hand galvanometer 39 and key 38, to left hand relay 36, through 44on right hand side to and through three-way plug switch 31 to 23 alongline to bottom bar of upper series, through screw plug' marked at 17 tobar of lower series connecting line 1, and then to distant stations. 1nconsequence of current passing as described all four lines receivesignals at each movement of any key on lines 4 and 3. There is a`further result in the apparatus locally. A current passing throughmagnet of left hand relay 36 attracts the armature to contact point 37.This action forms a local circuit from said left hand contact point 37via left hand local relay 48, closed switch 40, left hand local sounder43 and battery 42, back to the Contact point. The current in this localcircuit from the battery 42 operates through magnet of local sounder 43whose armature is audible locally. (The right'hand sounder 43 is notaudible by reason of right hand manual switch 40 being open). Now shouldany station on lines 2 and l require to transmit signals to lines 4 and3 the telegraphist at such station on line 2 and l would break circuitby opening the key switch, when signals 'from the opposite. line 4 wouldcease to be recorded on left hand sounder 43. Under such condition thelocal attendant would close right hand manual lswitch 40 and open thele-t hand manual switch 40. lVith switches now in this condition anystation on lines 2 and l could transmit signals via left hand relay 3Gin a manner as described on the opposite side of apparatus.

It may be noted that the armature of either relay 36 repeats direct onto main line when either manual switch 40 is open. lVhen both switches40 are closed the signals on lines 4 and 3 do not pass to lines 2 and lnor vice versa; line 4 is simply in communication with line 3 direct,and line 2 in communication with line l. Both Sounders locally thenbecome audible.

To work independently, any line may be earthed at the segment ot itsthree-way plug switch by inserting an extra plug to join earth at 32, 3334 or 35. Any line so earthed is not affected by signals from otherlines, nor the signals of the repeating apparatus locally.

@ne line may be substituted for another and as the line Vwires andapparatus wires are shown atixed to switch board in Fig. 2 the method ofsubstitution is as follows For clearness, call the upper part of theVswitch board where numerals l, 2, 3, 4, ap-

pear North, the lower part of switch board South; the right hand East,the left hand lVest. To transpose or exchange the places ot' lines l and3 by way of example the screw plug on bar connected to line l would beremoved to two holes farther North, and the screw plug on bar connectedto line 3 would be removed to two holes farther South. To exchange linewires the movement is either North or South in direction.

It will be seen that local circuits at 5l and 47 are broken. This isbecause they are not required when relays are to repeat direct on tomain lines. Batteries 50 are therefore dormant. Plugs being out at 41,admit the local sounder batteries 42 to work Sounders 43 as previouslyexplained.

Fig. 3: It will be observed that this tigure is, as hereinbefore stated,a simplification of the figure 2 and its working parts, as will bereadily understood. Tt shows clearly how the relay armature repeatsdirect on to main line with plugs out ot the body of Fig. 2 and ismeant, as hereinbetore stated i for the purpose of more clearlyunderstanding Fig. 2. An attendant locally is required to arrange themanual switches 40 to suit requirements of distant stations. To thesegment of four-way plug switch 2T at 23, 24, 25, 26 line wires areattached, which line wires are earthed at four distant stations.Assuming a distant'station on line 3 opened a key thereby breakingcircuit, the right and lett hand relay armature contact points 3T wouldbe open as shown. On closing`*such key a current would pass via, 23,right hand galvanometer 39, through the closed right hand manual switch40 and relay 36, right hand key 33 to 2G, line 4 and earth at distantstation. The result would be that magnet of right hand relay 36 wouldattract its armature to its contact point 3T which armature completesthe circuit on the lines 2, 3. The armature.alluded to performs theotiice of key at the right hand Contact point 37. A current would passfrom line l via. 24, lett hand relay 3G, right hand contact point 3T,right hand battery 42, magnet of right hand sounder 43, left handgalvanometer 39 and keys 3S to 25, and thus to distant stations on line2.

It will be noticed right hand switch 40 is closed. This forms a localcircuit whose sounder 43 and battery 42 are coniined each time a currentoperates on the magnet of right hand relay 3G closing such localcircuit, and the lett hand sounder 43 is audible at each impulse of:current. hould such lefthand sounder cease to record signals, theattendant locally would close lett hand manual switch 40, and open righthand manual switch 40, to allow any station on lines l and 2 tocommunicate signals as already described on the opposite side ofapparatus. The right hand galvanometer 39 is simply to show the strengthof current on lines 3 and 4. The left hand galvanometer 39 is simply toshow the strength of current on lines l and 2.

Fig. 4: This ligure constitutes an automatic repeater for four ways,without an attendant locally; certain plugs are inserted and otherswithdrawn from apparatus to form certain local circuits as will behereinafter explained. Telegraph lines, carthed at distant stations, arejoined to terminals ot switch board and are marked l, 3, 4. lf any keybe opened on line 4 no current would be passing on main lines, and theapparatus would stand as shown in the drawing. The Contact pointl 37 ofthe armature of right hand relay 3G is open as also is contact point 3Tof the armature of left hand relay 36. The right hand repeatingtransmitter 4G at its armature cont-act point 45 is open, but the lefthand repeating transmitter 4G at its armature contact point 45 isclosed.

Assuming now the distant key on line 4 be closed, a current passes fromline 4, to bar ot switch board in lower series connected thereto;through screw plug` marked at 1T, along bar of upper series and lineconnected thereto to section of four way plug switch at 23, via threeway plug switch 30 to lett hand manual switch 40, right handgalvanometer 39 (which shows the current),right hand key 33, magnet ofright hand relayy 36, left hand repeating transmitter contact 45, threeway pluO` switch 29 to 25 through segment of fourway switch 27 alongline or wire to bar of upper series through screw plug 17 in switchboard to bar of lower series connected to line 3 to distant stations.This shows that lines 4 and 3 are in direct communication. It may bementioned, when all keys are closed in every lines stations, thearmature of relays 36 make Contact at 37, so also armatures of repeatingtransmitters are closed at 45, locally. The eiifect of the key on line 4being closed causes the magnet of the right hand relay 36 to attract thearmature to its Contact point 37 which causes a closed local circuit viaright hand local battery 50, magnet of right hand repeating transmitter46, plug at 51, back to 37. The magnet attracts the armature of righthand repeating transmitter to contact point 45, which forms a signal onlines 2 and 1, so that all four lines get the signal. It has beenexplained that lines 4 and 3 are in direct communication, but the lines2 and 1 get their signals by the right hand contact point 37 which actsand performs functions of a key operating the magnet of right handrepeating transmitter 46. The armature of riOht hand repeatingtransmitter lls the oce of key on the lines 2 and 1. The severalarmatures are detracted by springs which are adjusted to suit therespective currents main or loca-l. The right hand battery 50 gives astronger iniiuence in the upper local circuit, when the armature ofright hand relay contacts at right hand contact point 37. It thenembraces the one magnet of right hand repeating transmitter 46 andconsequently has a stronger influence than when the right hand contactpoint 37 is broken. The same battery then embraces the right hand magnetof local relay 43. Now assume the distant key on line 4 is again opened,the armature of right hand relay 36 leaves its contact point 37 when theright hand battery 50 operates on magnet of right hand relay 4S whichattracts its armature to. contact point 49. This closes a. localcircuit, without a battery, which bridges magnet of lett hand relay 43rendering it inoperative. The lett hand battery 50 in consequenceretains its strong influence on magnet of left hand repeat-ingtransmitter 46 which holds its armature firmly on its contact point 45.A course is thus provided by wire clear through the apparatus to allowthe said key on line 4 to make the next signal. Assume for clearness,that the magnet of right hand relay 36 is on the eastern side otl theapparatus, and the magnet of left hand relay 36 on the western side ofapparatus. `When the eastern side or lines afecting the eastern side aresignaling the following is the result-*An opening at right hand contactpoint 37 causes an opening at right hand Contact point 45, and a closingat right hand contact point 49. A closing at 37 causes a closing at 45,and an opening at 49. An opening and closing of any key affecting theeastern side make suclretfects at every moment. Signals are recordedfrom the eastern side to the western side at the right hand repeatingtransmitter armature contact point 45 which takes the function of a key.The western side, being constructed similarly to the eastern side, iscapable of similar actions to those described.

Besides the plugs inserted in the three way plug switches 23, 29, 30, 31to connect lines to apparatus, it will be observed that there are threeother plugs inserted at 51, 41, 47, on each side of apparatus to formlocal circuits. As batteries and Sounders embraced by plugs 41 are notneeded in the automatic arrangement shown in this figure theirrespective local circuits are bridged and inoperative. An extra plug atsegments of three way plug switches 23, 29, 30, 31 which lead to earthat 32, 33, 34, 35, would earth the lines attached to such three wayplug' switches so that one or all lines could be debarred from theinfluence of the repeating apparatus. 1n this arrangement of Fig. 4 themanual switches 40 remain closed. rPhe right hand galvanometer 39 showsthe eurrent on lines operating the right hand relay. The left -handgalvanometer 39Ashows the current on the lines operating the left handrelay. The right hand key 38 operates the right hand relay and the linesattached thereto. The le-t hand key 38 operates the lett hand relay andthe lines attached thereto. With all plugs out at 28, 29, 30 31, theapparatus in Fig. 4 is totally disconnected from main lines. Now byinserting a plug to join any two sections of four way plug switch 27 thelines so connected could work direct with each other. Assuming the topend marked 1, 2, 3, 4 of switch board is north; and the lower, oppositeend, south; by moving screw plugs north or south one line may be made tosubstitute another line in a manner similar to that described for Fig.2. The arrangement shown in Fig. 4 is purely automatic and requires noattendant.

Fig. 5: The apparatus shown in this figure operates exactly as describedin Fig. 4 and is meant for the purpose of more clearly illustrating thatligure. This Fig. 5 therefore occupies the same relationship to Fig. 4as Fig. 3 does to Fig. 2, and should be read with the descriptionalready given.

Fig. 6: It will be seen that in this figure the numerals 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6, 7, 8 indicate eight Morse telegraph lines. Line relays having theusual magnets and armatures CII essaie with spring retraction are marked36 and the relay armature contact points are marked 37. Transmittingkeys with circuit closing switches attached are shown at 33. Localbatteries are marked 42. Galvanometers are marked 39. Sounders aremarked 43. Plug` holes to contine Sounders are marked 41. Plug spaces toconnect a pair of bars are marked 1G. The turning portions 17 of screwplugs show where a bar of the upper and a bar of the lower series areconnected. Three way plug switches are marked The points ofcommunication of lines with said switches are marked 23 and 24, andlines may be earthed locally at 32, 33, 34

Ain attendant is required only to alter the position oit the plug marked22 to north or south on the switch board (that is assuming the upperpart where lines are attached to switch board is north and the loweropposite end south) to suit the station on any line wishingl to signalthe other.

As shown by the drawing with screw plugs connecting upper and lowerseries of bars of switch board at 17, and one plug 22 the apparatus isin position t'or any station on lines l or 2 to signal to lines 3, 4, 5,6, 7 3, which are earthed at distant stations. Assume that line 1desires to transmit signals. As Fig. (5 is shown all keys on the linesare closed. A current passing trom line 1 enters locally the segment otits three way plug switch 55 at 24 thence to bar ot lower seriesconnected thereto through screw plug vand from 17 along t-he connectedbar of upper series to plug at 22 back along adjacent bar joined at 22to next screw plug marked at 17 passing through same to bar ot lowerseries to galvanometer 39, magnet of relay 36, to segment ot' the samethree way plug switch 55, but at point marked 23, to earth at distantstations on line 2. Thus lines 1 and 2 are in direct communication witheach other.

The main current as traced creates magnetism in magnet of relay 36 whichattracts its armature to Contact point 37 and such contact at 37 actslike a key on the next lines 3 and 4. Now to trace current on lines 3and 4, start at segment of the three way plug switch 55 where line 3 isjoined and marked 24, thence to connected bar of lower series to screwplug marked at 17 through screw plug and connected bar of upper series,along wire to local battery 42, to Contact point 37, along wire or lineto magnet of sounder 43 along connected bar ot' upper series to screwplug through same and along connected bar of lower series togalvanometer 39, magnet of relay 3G, to point marked 23 and then todistant stations on line 4. Lines 5 and G may be traced by similarletters and figures. Lines 7 and 3 may be traced by similar letters andligures. Now assume that a station on line 1 opens a key, such keybreaks the circuit on line 1, the magnet of relay 36 on line 2 loses itsmagnetic power, consequently the armature loses contact at 3T whichbreaks lines 3 and 4. Lilies 3 and 4 having lost current the magnet ofrelay 3G on line 4 loses magnetism and its armature 37 breaks circuit onlines and G. The lines 5 and 6 having lost current the magnet of relay3G on line G loses magnetism and lines 7 and 8 are broken at 37. Thusthe 3 lines are void of current.

It will be seen that when a key breaks circuit all relay armatures,which act as keys for other lines, ily open in response to theirrespective armature springs and no current Hows on any line. Then thekey is closed on line 1 a current flows and all relay armatures areattracted to contact points marked 37. In Fig. G all armatures of relaysare closed at 37 and it will be observed that the armature at line 8closes a local circuit via plug 22 on the right hand side of switchboard. Trace the local circuit starting at armature contact point 37 ofline S via local battery 42, along wire to screw plug marked at 17,still along bar of upper series to plug 22, back along the top oruppermost bar, via screw plug marked at 17 to magnet of sounder 43 to 37the starting point. rlhe magnet of sounder 43 embraced in such localcircuit is the only one confined in a local circuit and its armatureacts with every impulse of current and is audible locally. It while thekey on line 1 be forming signals a key on another line breaks a circuitthe sounder described as being confined ceases to sound.

Any individual line may be earthed by inserting a plug in its respectivethree way plug switch or commutator 55, so as to allow it to workindependently ot' the other lines. rlhe screw plug on the switch boardmay be moved to north or south to vsubstitute other lines insubstantially the same manner as hereinbetore described; or the saidscrew plugs may be moved right or lett to other crossings or points ot'intersection to form various combinations. The keys 33 are for use ofthe local attendant.

That I claim is:

1. ln a telegraph system, a main circuit., a key and a principal relaytherein, a second circuit, a repeater and a battery therein, a thirdcircuit controlled by the repeater, a local relay in the second circuit,a circuit controlled by the armature of such local relay, a contactcont-rolled by the relay irst mentioned, and means for permittingcurrent from said battery to operate the re` peater when sa'id contactis closed, suoli clos` ing operation simultaneously short-circuiting thelocal relay.

2.111 a telegraph system, a main circuit, a key and a principal relaytherein, a second circuit, a repeater and a battery therein, a

third circuit controlled by the repeater, a local relay in the secondcircuit, a circuit controlled by the armature ot' such local relay, asecond local relay connected with the circuit last mentioned, a contactcontrolled by the armature of the relay iirst mentioned, meanspermitting current from said battery to operate the repeater when saidcontact is closed, such closing operation simultaneouslyshort-circuiting the local relay previously in circuit with the batterymentioned, said means permitting the last mentioned local relay whensuch contact is open to bridge the second local relay.

3. In a telegraph system, a switch com` prising several divisions, amain circuit connected with two of such divisions, a key and principalrelay in said circuit, a second circuit, a repeater and a batterytherein, a third circuit controlled by the repeater, a local relay inthe second circuit, a circuit controlled by the armature ot' such localrelay, a contact controlled by the relay iirstmentioned, and meanspermitting current from said battery to operate the repeater when saidcontact is closed, such closing operation simultaneouslyshort-circuiting the local relay.

l. In a telegraph system, a switch com` prising several divisions, amain circuit connected with two otl such divisions, a key and aprincipal relay in such circuit, a second circuit, a repeater and abattery therein, a third circuit controlled by the repeater, a localrelay in the second circuit, a circuit controlled by the armature ofsuch local relay, a second local relay connected with the circuit lastmentioned, a contact controlled by the arma ture of the relay firstmentioned, means permitting current from said battery to operate therepeater when said contact is closed, such closing operationsimultaneously short-circuiting the local relay previously in circuitwith the battery, said means permitting the last mentioned relay whensuch contact is open to bridge the second local relay.

5. In a telegraph system, a plurality of main circuits, a key and aprincipal relay in each of said circuits, a plurality of associatedcircuits, a repeater and a battery in each of said associated circuits,said repeater controlled by their corresponding principal relays, thearmature contacts of each of such repeaters when closed permitting ofthe operation of the principal relay in a main circuit other than theone from which the repeater receives current, and independent meansconnected with each oi the associated l I l l l circuits for' causingthe operation of the re-I peater of the main ,circuit last-mentionedwhen the armature contacts of the repeaterv in the corresponding maincircuit are open.

6. In a telegraph system, a plurality of main circuits, a key and aprincipal relay in each of said circuits, a plurality of associatedcircuits, armaturecontacts for each of the principal relays, suchcontacts having connect-ions across each of said associated circuits, arepeater and a battery in each of said associated circuits, a localrelay in each of the circuits last mentioned, armature contacts for eachlocal relay arranged to complete a circuit through the magnets of one ofthe repeaters, the magnets of each ot' the local relays being connectedacross the circuit completed by the contacts of the other local relay,means permitting current from one of the batteries to operate one of therepeaters when the armature contacts of one of said principal relays areclosed, such means operating to permit the local relay in circuit withthe battery last mentioned to bridge its corresponding local relay whensuch principal relay contacts are open, whereby the magnet of the otherrepeater receives a maximum current.

T. The combination with a switch board, comprising a plurality ot seriesof bars, ot a series of telegraph'circuits connected with the ends otthe bars, differential polar relays, repeating transmitters,transmitting keys, batteries, diiierential repeating sounders connectedwith such circuits, and means for causing any one of the circuits torepeat on any of the other circuits.

8. In a multiplex telegraph, a switchboard comprising a plurality ofseries of bars, switches connected with the bars, transmitting keysconnected with said switches, relays connected with the transmittingkeys, galvanometers connected with the relays, local sounders connectedwith the relays, a duplex telegraphic circuit comprising a comw pleteset of telegraphic instruments and including a differential polar relay,a difierential neutralrelay connected with the switchboard, and meansfor causing any one of the relays to repeat onto any one ot the otherrelays or onto the duplex circuit.V

In testimony whereof I atliX my signature in the presence of twowitnesses.

IVILLIAM LEIVE SLEY.

Titnesses REEs RUTLAND JONES, FREDERICK CRAWFORD.

